Diagnosing laptop motherboard in a proper way is what make us to troubleshoot the issue faster. for that we have to make clear about the main components of Laptop motherboards and their functions .
CPU
Central Processing Unit is a complex chip with millions of transistors and that CPU process the computer commands and codes. The CPU is the brain of entire computer systems, processing arithmetic and logical operations.
North Bridge
North bridge is a system controller, this is one of the motherboard's chipsets, north bridge working with the RAM, Graphics output, north bridge responsible for the frequency of the entire system bus. The types of RAM and its maximum supported size of RAM memory stick. one of the main functions of the north bridge is to ensure interaction motherboard and processor, as well as determining the speed of work. The video output function is integrated with north bridge in modern motherboards, the functional feature of the north bridge is also the management of the video adapter bus and its speed. also the North Bridge provides connections of all the above devices with the South Bridge. in the newer models of laptops boards the North Bridge in most of the models integrated in the CPU.
South Bridge
South Bridge is a functional controller, known as IO controller or ICH [in/out Controller Hub]. It is responsible for IDE, SATA, USB, LAN, Embedded audio controllers and the North Bridge of the computer devices or notebook devices. The South Bridge is also responsible for processing data on PCI , PCEe and ISA buses (on older motherboards)
Video IC
Graphics Processing Unit [GPU] is performing graphics related processes. mostly Graphics Processor is integrated with the North Bridge Chipset.
Embedded Controller EC / SIO / IO/ KBC
This IC is a 128 pin multi device controller, it is responsible for output and input ports COM, IRDA, PS/2 keyboards, Laptop Keyboards, LPT ports and also systematically check the Temperature, Voltages, battery and CPU fan speed controls, Hall effect, LID switch controls and also controls the on/off of the laptops.
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PCH / FCH
PCH - Platform Controller Hub is a hybrid bridges of North and South in a single chip called PCH. on AMD processor and AMD supported motherboards this is called FCH - Fusion Controller Hub.
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